западных

западных

"Западных" means "western" (genitive or plural form).

Here, 'западных' is used in its genitive plural form modifying the noun 'стран' to describe 'western countries'

Многие западных стран поддерживают санкции.

Many western countries support sanctions.

'Западных' functions as a genitive plural adjective modifying 'обществ' to specify 'western societies'

Культура западных обществ имеет свои особенности.

The culture of western societies has its own characteristics.

In this sentence, 'западных' acts as a genitive plural adjective describing 'традиций', indicating 'western traditions'

Историк пишет о влиянии западных традиций на местные обычаи.

The historian writes about the influence of western traditions on local customs.