gdy

In a sentence

• Gdy był dzieckiem, zawsze bawił się w parku.

  When he was a child, he always played in the park.

  Here, 'gdy' is used to introduce a subordinate clause indicating a time frame, serving a similar purpose as 'when' in English.

• Co robisz, gdy pada deszcz?

  What do you do when it rains?

  'Gdy' is used here in an interrogative form to inquire about someone's actions during a specific condition or situation, analogous to 'when' or 'if'.

• Byłem zaskoczony, gdy usłyszałem tę wiadomość.

  I was surprised when I heard the news.

  In this example, 'gdy' introduces a temporal clause to describe the time of the event in question, functioning like 'when' in English.