अबतक

In a sentence

• अबतक मैं वहाँ नहीं गया हूँ।

  I have not gone there until now.

  The word 'अबतक' is used to denote a time frame extending from the past up to the current moment.

• अबतक हमें यह समझ लेना चाहिए था।

  We should have understood this by now.

  Here, 'अबतक' indicates a point of realization or completion expected to be achieved by the present.

• हम अबतक सारी तैयारी कर चुके हैं।

  We have completed all the preparations until now.

  In this example, 'अबतक' refers to the culmination of actions or events up to the present time marker.