This is the 1384th most frequent Turkish word.
vurduğu
"Vurduğu" means "that he/she/it hit" or "that was hit," depending on the context.
Here, 'vurduğu' is the past participle form of the verb 'vurmak' ('to hit'), and it describes an action (hitting) performed by the subject (child) directed toward the object (ball).
Çocuk, topu arkadaşına vurduğu için özür diledi.
The child apologized for hitting the ball to his friend.
In this example, 'vurduğu' implies a specific action performed by the subject (he) that caused an effect (hard knock).
Kapıya vurduğu sert darbeyle herkes onu duydu.
With the hard knock he delivered to the door, everyone heard him.
Here, 'vurduğu' indicates the teacher's specific action of hitting a particular spot, resulting in a visible outcome.