This is the 14877th most frequent Russian word.
погодным
"Погодным" means "weather-related" or "pertaining to weather."
Here, the word "погодным" (weather-related) is an adjective modifying "изменением" (change), indicating that the change pertains to the weather.
Сегодня мы столкнулись с погодным изменением.
Today we dealt with a weather-related change.
In this sentence, "погодным" (weather-related) is an adjective describing "условиям" (conditions), referring to conditions that are relevant to the weather.
Погодным условиям нужно уделять больше внимания во время путешествий.
Weather conditions need to be given more attention during travels.
The word "погодный" (weather-related) serves as an adjective modifying "сюрприз" (surprise), suggesting that the surprise was related to the weather.