This is the 2090th most frequent Russian word.
новгород
Novgorod: A historic city in Russia.
In this sentence, 'Новгород' refers to the historic city of Novgorod, used as a proper noun for a specific place.
Новгород был одним из главных городов Древней Руси.
Novgorod was one of the main cities of Ancient Rus'.
Here, 'Новгород' is again used as a proper noun, and the context is about traveling to the city.
Я собираюсь посетить Новгород на следующей неделе.
I am going to visit Novgorod next week.
In this example, 'Новгородская' is an adjective derived from 'Новгород', describing something related to the city of Novgorod, i.e., its culture.